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energy benchmarking copper smelting

  • The Copper Market, Treatment and Refining Charges

    The annual copper smelter benchmark Treatment Charges fell to the lowest level since 2012 to 59.5 USD per ton for year 2021. This is a strong indication of the concentrate market tightness. In the early months of 2021, spot Treatment and Refining charges for copper have continued to decline and are at their lowest level since 2012.

  • Environmental Impacts of Energy-Efficient Pyrometallurgical …

    Based on data presented in the Global Industrial Energy Effi-ciency Benchmarking Report prepared by the United Nations (UN) Industrial Development Organization, the best available technology (BAT) can produce Cu with just 1.75 MWh/t Cu, ... LCA of Copper Smelting Technologies 305. RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS then converted into Cu blister containing ...

  • Detailed opex comparison of modern copper smelting …

    All modern copper smelting technologies are fundamentally energy efficient and environmentally safe options, so choosing the right one depends on the desired capacity range, feed impurity levels, plant location, …

  • 12.3 Primary Copper Smelting - US EPA

    types have self-generating energy by the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, shown in the reaction below. H2S O2 → SO2 H2O Thermal energy (1) In the smelting process, either hot calcine from the roaster or raw unroasted concentrate is melted with siliceous flux in a smelting furnace to produce copper matte. The required heat comes

  • Standard Conditions for Copper Smelting Industry

    Energy consumption (VI) Copper smelting enterprises shall establish, implement and maintain an energy management system that meets the requirements of GB/T23331, and encourage third-party certification of the energy ... of relevant national standards for unit product benchmark drainage. 5 Encourage copper smelting enterprises to build ...

  • 2013 Technical Report - Copper

    The U.S. Copper-base Scrap Industry And Its By-products An Overview Thirteenth Edition, 2013 Copper Development Association Inc. 260 Madison Avenue

  • Comparison of environmental performance of modern copper smelting ...

    The energy consumption values presented in this study were systematically lower than reported for average energy use of copper smelting. BAT documentation ( Cusano et al., 2017 ) provides the energy consumption range of 14–20 GJ/t Cu including the re-smelting of anode scrap and especially the tankhouse electrolysis that is known to consume a ...

  • Energy Consumption in Copper Sulphide Smel ting

    The methodology adopted to develop smelting energy data in this study was based in part on the approach used by Kellogg and Henderson [1]. A standardized flowsheet was developed for each of ... Data from the 2003 worldwide copper smelter survey [4] was used to fill gaps in these flowsheets. Each process route also included the following ...

  • Copper Smelting Market - Global Industry Analysis 2026

    Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore in order to extract the base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is employed to extract metals from their ores including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, emitting other elements as gases or slag and ...

  • Copper Flash Smelting Process Balance Modeling - MDPI

    step was 0.6 s. The chemistry of the copper concentrate and recycling materials was determined using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy [7,11,12]. 2.3. Calculation Method In this study, the copper smelting process has been modelled using a mass and energy balance [13] implemented with equations for coefficient distribution parameters of copper, lead,

  • Energy Consumption of Copper Smelter - Forums - wirenet.org

    These processes use oxygen, natural gas, and a mix of self-generated and purchased electricity as the primary sources of energy. Each year, the smelter and refinery plants use approximately 2.8 billion cubic feet of natural gas, 200 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electric power and 450,000 tons of oxygen.

  • Heat Recovery and Energy Optimization in Smelter Gas …

    Copper Smelter processes generate significant off-gas flows at high temperatures. This typically represents a major source of heat loss from the process; therefore, off-gas heat recovery is critical to minimizing energy consumption and reducing operating costs. Metallurgical process off …

  • Chapter 6 Copper Production Technology - Princeton …

    discovered that heat made copper more malle-able. Casting and smelting of copper began around 4000-3500 B.C. (see figure 6-2). About 2500 B. C., copper was combined with tin to make bronze—an alloy that allowed stronger weapons and tools. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, probably was not developed until 300 A.D.

  • QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR COPPER SMELTER …

    copper smelter designs (Figure 1) are based on similar underlying thermochemistry, which fosters a common set of tools that can be developed as a starting point for all copper smelters (Coursol & Mackey; Navarra, Marambio, Oyarzún, Parra, & Mucciardi, 2017). As described in the following section, a hybridization of

  • Copper Smelting - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    The major trend in copper smelting and converting is towards improved capture of the SO2 that is evolved from oxidizing CuFeS 2 and other copper sulfide minerals. Improved SO 2 capture benefits the environment and the resulting H 2 SO 4 product can be used for leaching "oxide" and supergene sulfide minerals. The improved SO 2 capture has ...

  • Copper Smelting Slideshow - MineralsEd

    Copper concentrate (CuFeS 2) is fed into the furnace along with a flux of silica sand, SiO 2, and oxygen, O 2. The flux is used to control the chemistry of the slag. In particular, it causes the iron (Fe) in the copper concentrate to accumulate in the slag phase, while the copper (Cu), accumulates in the matte phase. Copper Concentrate

  • Quality of copper concentrate impacts smelter emissions | CRU …

    Examining copper smelter and refinery emissions data using CRU's Emissions Analysis Tool, we are able to estimate the effect of the energy requirements on the emissions profile. The average scope 1 emissions for a copper smelter may increase by as much as 4%, while scope 2 emissions may be largely offset by country grids moving towards ...

  • Benchmarking comminution energy consumption for the …

    Marsden (2008) used case studies of Chilean copper mines as the basis for an energy model incorporating grade and processing route, Fig. 1 displays the result for an ore with a copper grade of 0.5% and a flowsheet incorporating SAG and ball milling, flotation and smelting. Download : Download full-size image; Fig. 1.

  • Smelting & Refining Terms and Conditions - Typical Example

    Gold: Deduct 0.02 Troy ounces per short dry ton (sdt) and pay for 95% of remaining gold at London final quotation less $5.00 per ounce. Silver: Deduce 1.0 Troy ounces per sdt and pay for 95% of remaining silver at Comex 1st position quotation less 25¢ per Troy ounce. Copper: Deduct 1 unit and pay for of the remaining copper at Comex 1st ...

  • Online monitoring and assessment of energy efficiency for copper ...

    The copper flash smelting process is characterized by its involvement of wide energy sources and high energy consumption, so the energy conservation is usually a highly concerned topic for the flash smelting enterprises. However, due to the complexity of the system, it is quite difficult to perform a timely comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption of …

  • A Look at the Largest Copper Smelters - ThoughtCo

    Chuquicamata (Codelco)—1.6 mta. Codelco's Chuquicamata smelter is fed by the Chuquicamata (or Chuqui) copper mine, one of the world's largest open-pit copper mines in the world. Located in northern Chile, Chuqui's smelting facilities were initially installed in the early 1950s. 02. of 11.

  • Energy and materials flows in the copper industry

    Primary production uses about 170 x 10/sup 12/ Btu total energy annually (about 100 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/ton pure copper produced from ore). Mining and milling use about 60% of the total consumption, because low-grade ore (0.6% copper) is now being mined. Most copper is extracted by smelting sulfide ores, with concomitant production of sulfur dioxide.

  • Global Industrial Energy Efficiency Benchmarking

    Copper smelting 44 Slab zinc production 45. viii d. Iron and steel 45 e. Non-metallic minerals industry 47 Cement 48 Lime production 49 Glass production 49 ... Figure 2: Illustrative energy benchmark curve for the manufacturing industry 7 Figure 3: Total final industrial energy use worldwide, 2007-2030 20 Figure 4: Indexed (Western Europe=1 ...

  • FOCUS: Copper smelter margins eroded by declining TC/RCs, …

    Recent tenders for spot copper concentrates, such as Atlas Mining's Carmen, have seen traders buying parcels at TC/RCs around $40/4 cents, levels not seen for seven to eight years. The last time terms for concentrates were this low, copper prices were averaging over $8,000 per tonne. Now they hover around $6,000.